Hardy yam dioscorea batatas history and background of crop this species of yam, originating in japan, can. It is usually cultivated as a secondary crop with yam in ghana and nigeria. The dark brown coloured variety of african yam bean seeds sphenostylis stenocarpa were soaked in distilled water control and in 1,2,3,4 and 5% solutions of unripe plantain peel ash 1. Cultivation and use of african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa. A pot experiment was conducted at botswana college agriculture to determine nodulation of african yam bean with rhizobium indigenous to soils of botswana. Harms is a perennial climbing bush, m high, generally grown as an annual. The nutrition quality of the grains and tubers of ayb are immense. African yam bean ayb, sphenostylis stenocarpa, is a grain legume cultivated in central african republic, zaire, east africa, and ethiopia for its tubers and in the southeastern nigeria for its edible seeds.
Photo by christopher sheahan, usdanrcs, cape may plant materials center alternate names alternate common names. It is native to tropical africa, although a representative of the genus exists in tropical south and central america. It is an orphan crop, highly nutritious and culturally resonant, but undervalued by policy makers. Evaluation of functional properties of composite flours. Effect of blending on the proximate, pasting and sensory.
The supplementation of cereal based weaning foods with adequately processed african yam bean flour would help to improve their protein content and quality. Ayb has the potential to significantly boost food security due to its considerable nutritional qualities. African yam bean is a versatile legume crop, relished for its protein rich tubers, seeds and leaves which are utilized as spinach. The antinutritional composition of white, brown, spotted and black coat coloured african yam bean varieties that are cultivated in the afikpo town of ebonyi. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0. Cultivation and use of african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa in the volta region of. Yam bean pachyrhyzus erosus tubers were processed singly and mixed with cassava into different types of gari 100% yam bean gari, 75% yam bean gari, 50% yam bean gari and 25% yam bean gari. Assessing the antinutritional composition of four varieties.
The african yam bean ayb sphenostylis stenocarpa provides two consumable products the tuber which grows as the root source and actual yam bean which develop in pods above ground. The african oil bean pentaclethra macrophylla benth. African yam bean sphenostylis sternocarpa is a leguminous crop grown in west african particularly in cameroon, cote dlvoire, ghana, nigeria and togo. Green harvest provides growing information for edible and useful plants in the organic and permaculture garden. The domestication, cultivation, and distribution of the crop are very evident in the tropics of africa 3, 9, 10, 11 where it had been reported. Many smallscale producers carry out these operations manually. Find wholesalers, exporters or distributors selling african. Freshly dehusked coconuts cocus nucifera weighing 4kg were properly cleaned and cracked to expel the containing coconut juicewater. With an efficient quality management and cost control system, they offer products with different prices according to. It is believed to be one of the most important tuberous legumes in africa. The energy content of the formulations ranged from 362.
Vv extract on the digestibility of corn starch 66 % amylose is of competitive type. African yam bean hull chemical composition and its effects on rats mineral retention, serum biochemical components and enzymatic activities. Pdf introduction of yam bean in africa researchgate. Twenty accessions of african yam bean, grown at the teaching and research farm of ladoke akintola university of technology, ogbomoso during the cropping seasons of may to november, 2014 and 2015 were assessed for genetic diversity and genotype.
The nutrient composition and organoleptic attributes of gruel based on blends of 24hour fermented water yam wy, cocoyam cy, plantain pt, african yam bean ayb, cowpea cp, pigeon pea pp and corn c flour were examined. Three expeditions were under taken in the region between september 1998 and march 1999 to investigate the extent of cultivation and use of the bean as the basis for research into its develop ment and promotion as a major crop. Measurement of the physical properties was thereafter carried out. Gge biplot application for adaptability of african yam. African yam bean flour are suitable for breads, cakes and biscuits incorporating the flour into wheatbased products make the foods useful protein and energy sources with good nutritive value.
African slaves and freedmen also formed part of the conquistador armies in the new world. A guide to african vegetables new entry sustainable farming project. Yam bean fao food and agriculture organization of the. It is a highly adaptable crop capable of producing growth even on. Chemical and sensory properties of probioticated drinks from. The physical properties of african yam bean, like those of other grains are essential for the design and construction of equipment systems and controls for handling, harvesting, processing. The african yam bean ayb is an underutilized, semicultivated crop that has failed to gain popularity comparable to that of other edible african legumes such as cowpea and pigeon pea. Dpph radical scavenging capacity of phenolic extracts from. Variability is an important factor to consider in crop improvement programmes.
Rich harms, is a tuberous legume of tropical africa. Pdf african yam bean is a versatile legume crop, relished for its protein rich tubers, seeds and leaves which are utilized as spinach. Nutrient and antinutrient composition of winged bean. Evaluation of functional properties of composite flours and sensorial attributes of composite flour biscuits. African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa is a legume that is indigenous to africa and widely eaten. There is relatively limited information on properties of yam bean seeds and their derivatives. This study was conducted in two years to assess genetic variability and determine relationship between seed yield, its components and tuber production characters among twelve accessions of african yam bean. Physical and functional properties of breakfast cereals from. It is an important source of food in many parts of africa. Effect of blending on the proximate, pasting and sensory attributes of cassava african yam bean fufu flour nwokeke blessing, adedokun ishola, osuji chikwendu department of food science and technology, imo state polytechnic, umuagwo, p. Chemical and sensory properties of probioticated drinks.
Yam beans or jicama health benefits, facts, side effects. The long bean is now the most important pulse crop in west and central africa, where its cowpea seed is. The brown african yam bean seeds 5kg milled into flour using attrition mill as described in okafor and usman, 20. Three species of sphenostylis are important food sources in africa, including the underexploited african yam bean or sphenostylis stenocarpa, which can be. Dryland farming page 3 water that falls in arid regions may be of little use for crop plants because the amount is too small to penetrate the soil sufficiently, or it may run through a porous soil too quickly, or it may run off too quickly. A few farmers who still hold some seed stocks, especially the white with blackeye pattern, plant it at the base of yam mounds in june or. Relatively low levels of carbohydrate were present in winged bean, unlike african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa. The plant is a climbing vine with flat, kidneyshaped seeds, and the tubers range in weight from 0. Thirty african yam bean ayb sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst ex. Little data information exists on how many people consume it. The plant known internationally as yambean is arguably one of the most interesting of all the worlds new food crops. The protein in both tuber and seed is comparatively higher than what could be obtained in most tuberous legumes and tubers.
Rich is a legumi nous crop found in the volta region of ghana. The tuber and the leaves of the african yam bean can be fed to livestock. African yam bean ayb african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa, is the most economically important among the seven species of sphenostylis 9 and it is one of the most important tuberous legumes. The seed grains and tubers are the two major organs of. The african yam bean belongs to the family leguminosae fabaceae, an annual, climbing or prostrate vine. Bivariate analysis of the genetic variability among some. Analysis of genetic diversity of african yam bean using ssr. Physical and functional properties of breakfast cereals. However, some health problems have been discovered in relation to consumption of this bean including flatulence, stomach cramps, diarrhea and. Seeds of three varieties of african yambean from farmers fields in nigeria soybean. Evaluation of some african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa. The phenolic extracts of the seeds of african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa were studied using different extraction solvents 70% ethanol, 80% acetone and acidic 70% acetone and two heat treatment methods dry heating on a hot plate with acidwashed sea sand at 5. The objective of this study was to understand the adaptability of some accessions of african yam bean to different agroecologies of nigeria. A batch of each foodgrain was picked clean, sundried, hammermilled.
In 1510, the spanish monarchs shipped 200 african slaves to hispaniola they were baptized in the christian faith just prior to their departure. Jul 14, 2014 the tuber is white fleshed, spindly and long like sweet potatoes but contains more protein than sweet potatoes, cassava or yams. Pelagia research library sustainable dietary supplements. African yam bean, ayb sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst. The african oil bean, popular in nigeria its local name is ugba is a tropical tree in the family leguminosae mimosoideae. In the west african yam zone, which is the principal producer on a global basis, d. Least gelation concentration values were compared favorable with those reported for african yam bean 16 to 20% by abbey and ayuk. African yam bean seeds were ground with a mortar and pestle, and 100mg of the powder produced was further homogenized in 10ml of 0. Oct 25, 2011 potentials of african yam bean the plant sphenostylis stenocarpa is one of the most important tuberous legumes of tropical africa. African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa is one of africas underutilized plant species. The nutritive value of the african yam bean has also been assessed using albino rat and broiler chicks 7, 29. Changes in the dry matter, sugar, plant fibre and lignin contents of swede, rape and kale roots in response to turnip root fly delia floralis larval damage richard j hopkins. The yam bean is a legume but unlike its close relatives the soybean and other beans, the yam bean is cultivated for its large, tuberous roots. Find wholesalers, exporters or distributors selling.
A guide to african vegetables new entry sustainable. The pods are toxic when mature but can be used as a vegetable when young. Raw african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa was subjected to various processing methods viz. This company is an exporter of melon seeds, ogbono, yam, african yam flour, snails, shrimps, catfish, spices,rice, beans and other kinds of farm produce. African yam bean is cultivated for its edible tubers and for its seeds which have high nutritional. Environment interaction effects on trait performance and their ability to produce tuber. Determination of some physical properties of african yam beans. The seeds were cleaned manually by hand to remove all foreign matter such as dirt, pieces of stones, and broken seeds. Yam bean is an underutilized crop and was only recently introduced in farming systems outside south america. Pdf there are many legumes forming storage roots only few are cultivated winged bean psophocarpus tetragonolobus, yam bean. Modeling effects of african yam bean stenostylis stenocarpa. Such decrease in carbohydrate with increase in african yam bean flour has been reported in african yam bean and wheat composite flour cakes 6.
Thirty two 32 new zealand white x chinchilla crossbred weaned rabbits of about 8 weeks old mixed sexes were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups of 8 rabbits each in a completely randomized design. The african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst. Jicama or climbing yam bean is a subtropical legume vine that produces crunchy, sweet tubers. The african yam bean seed lectin affects the development of. The seeds of cream coloured african yam bean ayb and lime were purchased from oye igboeze and ogige nsukka markets, respectively in enugu state, nigeria.
Yam beans are low in calories but very high in essential nutrients. Potentials of african yam bean the plant sphenostylis stenocarpa is one of the most important tuberous legumes of tropical africa. African yam bean ayb, is one such crop within the family of fabaceae. In the processed seeds, the values obtained ranged from 26. The african yam bean seed lectin affects the development. A few farmers who still hold some seed stocks, especially the white with blackeye pattern, plant it at the base of yam mounds in june or july. Aug, 2014 yam beans are loaded with vitamins and minerals, have high nutritional value, and offer many health benefits. Effect of soaking african yam bean seeds in unripe plantain. African yam bean, agronomy, sphenostylis stenocarpa. The study concluded that the sample with equal ratio of african yam bean, soybean and coconut adjudged the most acceptable by tasters. Yams have both economic and social value in many growing areas. Harms is an underutilized tropical african tuberous legume. Dpphfree radical scavenging capacity of legume extracts was evaluated according to the method of chen. Yams bean taste closer to an apple and are a best source of vitamin c.
The tuber grows as the root source, while the yam bean develops into the pod containing 2030 seeds found above the ground. It is used extensively in various dietary preparations and has potential for supplementing the protein requirement of many families throughout the year. With an efficient quality management and cost control system, they offer products with different prices according to your various quality requirements. African yam bean nottingham eprints university of nottingham.
The mature seeds of african yam bean were bought from the market at nsukka, enugu state of nigeria. The african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst ex a. Pdf african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa nodulates. Assessment of seed and tuber production potential in. Acceptability of moinmoin produced from blends of african. Sphenostylis stenocarpa belongs to the family fabaceae, and is characterized by its fruit legume and stipulated leaves. African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa hoechst ex. Materials and methods raw african yam beans were obtained from iseyin local government arear of oyo state, nigeria. Determination of some physical properties of african yam. Some traditional ceremonies are celebrated with yam as the major food item such the new yam festival in parts of west africa. Dpph radical scavenging capacity of phenolic extracts from african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa 9. It could then be said that african yam bean should be soaked with sodium bicarbonate which.
Origins of the african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa, leguminosae. The african yam bean is grown in countries of west africa such as cameroon, cote divoire, ghana, nigeria, and togo. The panelist did not entirely reject, but neither liked nor disliked the 90%. Since the dawn of history these yam like tubers have fed tropical americans.
These seeds can be found in colors including brown, black, and red varieties. The african yam bean was subjected to one of the following processing methods. The coconut flesh meat was removed from the shell with the aid of a sharp pointed knife. Abstract three varieties of african yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa were collected from six different locations in. The variation in the energy content of the samples could be due to differences in their protein and carbohydrate contents 18. Usda nrcs cape may plant materials center, cape may, nj. Gge biplot application for adaptability of african yam bean. Yam bean pachyrhyzus erosus tubers were processed singly and mixed with cassava into different types of gari 100% yam bean gari, 75% yam bean gari, 50% yam bean gari and 25% yam bean. Africa 27 countries comores kenya south africa cote divoire gambia guinea senegal sierra leone benin togo niger ethiopia chad burkina faso nigeria gabon guinea bissau malawi zambia zimbawe mozambique liberia tanzania ghana cameroon congobraz. Cultivation and use of african yam bean sphenostylis. The effect of feeding varying levels of african yambean in cassava peal meal based diet was evaluated in a 12 week feeding trial.
African yam bean produces grains and tubers which are of high nutritional value and great economic importance 3. The lack of information on many basic aspects of underutilized crops such as the yam bean hinders their development and sustainable utilization. Analysis of genetic diversity of african yam bean using. Rich harms accessions were evaluated for grain yield adaptability to four agroenvironments in nigeria. Sphenostylis stenocarpa or the african yam bean is a species of plant in the fabaceae which is native to africa. As a first step towards solving the problems of stunting and micronutrient deficiency, this study sought to document traditional foods. The yam bean is a useful source of nutrients for many african communities with a nutritional value comparable to that of the soybean, although the cooking time for the yam bean is much longer 7 8.
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